Lead exposure is a major environmental cause of cardiovascular disease, responsible for nearly 6 percent of global deaths. A 2026 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association links long-term lead exposure to an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. Exposure is measured by how much lead accumulates in the body over time. Using decades of data from more than 42,000 U.S. adults, along with international studies, researchers found that even low levels of exposure increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, and the risk steadily rises as lead accumulates in the body.

Although exposure to lead has decreased worldwide, it remains a major, preventable contributor to global cardiovascular disease. The study’s authors emphasize the need for surveillance, regulation and remediation to reduce exposure.